Individual protection is important for warfighters, first responders and civilians to meet the current threat of toxic chemicals and chemical agents. Within the realm of individual protection, decontamination of warfare agents is not only required on the battlefield but also in laboratory, pilot plants, production and agent destruction sites. It is of high importance to evaluate various decontaminants and decontamination techniques for implementing the best practices in varying scenarios such as decontamination of personnel, sites and sensitive equipment. This manuscript considers decontamination technologies such as adsorptive carbon and enzymes and highlights recent developments such as reactive skin decontamination lotion and Low-cost Personal Decontamination System (LPDS). Decontamination using solvent and non-solvent based systems is an important countermeasures strategy adopted by military, first responders and emergency personnel to sustain their operational capability and prevent additional contamination.