Global planting area of GM crops has exceeded 170 Mha in 2012 which is 10 fold the total plantation area of Iran. Ever increasing interest to grow GM crops is due to their impact on food security and sustainable development. Transgenic crops offer economic and environmental benefits, help pest and weed management, reduce greenhouse gases and provide food for the growing world population. Sustainable development which is the fundamental key in many national and international political decisions permeates in diverse dimensions relating human life like political, environmental, economical and social aspects. The goal of sustainable development is to meet necessary demands of growing world population while preserving currant natural resources. In this review, the contribution of transgenic crops in meeting sustainable development goals in three environmental, economical and social dimensions will be discussed.