fa بررسی ترکیبات شیمیایی میوه زیتون تلخ و اثر حشره کشی پودر و عصاره آن روی (Col. Tenebrionidae) Herbst Tribolium castaneum تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در این پژوهش، ترکیب&shy;های شیمیایی میوه زیتون تلخ و قابلیت حشره&shy; کشی عصاره و پودر آن روی حشره کامل شپشه آرد مطالعه و </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آزمایش</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">&shy;های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">زیست سنجی به</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">&shy;</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">روش تماسی به&shy; صورت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">طرح</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کامل</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تصادفی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در دمای 5</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:cambria,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">&plusmn;</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">25</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">درجه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">سلسیوس و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">رطوبت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نسبی </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">5</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:cambria,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">&plusmn;</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">65 درصد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">انجام شد. درصد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مرگ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">میر حشره کامل آفت، با کاربرد عصاره </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">میوه زیتون تلخ </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در سه غلظت و در سه زمان و پودر میوه زیتون تلخ، در چهار دوز، پس از گذشت چهار زمان محاسبه شد</span></span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">.</span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> اختلاف معنی‌داری در درصد کشندگی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">عصاره و پودر، روی آفت </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در غلظت&shy;های مختلف </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پس از هریک از زمان&shy;های مورد مطالعه مشاهده شد. بر اساس نتایج، </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مرگ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و میر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">با</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> افزایش غلظت و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گذشت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">زمان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">افزایش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">یافت. کمترین و بیشترین میزان تلفات، با کاربرد عصاره میوه زیتون تلخ به &shy;ترتیب در غلظت </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">10 و </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">80 میکروگرم بر میلی &shy;لیتر </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پس از 12 و </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">36 </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ساعت (50/2</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:cambria,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">&plusmn;</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">5/17درصد و </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">89/11</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:cambria,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">&plusmn;</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">75/81</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">درصد) </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بود. همچنین بالاترین و پایین&shy; ترین میزان تلفات به هنگام کاربرد پودر</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> میوه</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> زیتون تلخ، به &shy;ترتیب در </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دوز 3 </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و 6 </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گرم</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> پس از 24 و 96 ساعت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">(</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">36/2 </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:cambria,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">&plusmn;</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">33/3</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">درصد</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> و 89/5</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:cambria,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">&plusmn;</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">00/92</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">درصد</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">) به&shy;دست آمد.</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> بعلاوه 52 ترکیب شیمیایی تشکیل&shy; دهنده میوه زیتون تلخ، با استفاده از دستگاه </span></span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">GC/Mass</span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> شناسایی و شش پیک در آن مشاهده شد. </span></span></span> In this study, chemical compounds of <em>Melia azedarach </em>L. fruit and the insecticidal effect of extract & powders was investigated on adult insects of <em>Tribolium castaneum</em> Herbst (Col. Tenebrionidae). Bioassays experiment with contact method was performed in a completely randomized design in laboratory conditions (temperature 25&plusmn; 5 &deg;C and relative humidity 65 &plusmn; 5%). Mortality percentage of <em>T</em>. <em>castaneum</em> by <em>Melia</em> fruit extract calculated at three concentrations (10, 50 and 80 mg/ml) after 12, 24 & 36 hours and also by <em>Melia</em> fruit powder at four different dosage (3, 4, 5 and 6 gr) after 24, 48, 72 & 96 hours respectively. Significant differences were observed on mortality percentage of <em>T</em>. <em>castaneum</em> by <em>Melia</em> fruit extract and powder on different concentrations after each of the times. Based on the results, mortality increased with the passage of time. The lowest and highest mortality of <em>T</em>. <em>castaneum</em> was in use of <em>M. azedarach </em>fruit extract in 10 and 80 mg/ml concentrations after 12 & 36 hours (17.50&plusmn; 2.50 % & 81.75 &plusmn; 11.89%) respectively. Also the highest and lowest mortality rate of adult insects was obtained when used <em>Melia</em> fruit powder at a dose of 3 and 6 grams after 24 & 96 hours (3.33 &plusmn; 2.36% & 92.00&plusmn; 5.89%) respectively. In this study, 52 chemical compounds of the <em>Melia</em> fruit were identified by GC/Mass. The major material contains: Ethane, 1,1-diethoxy-; Methanecarbothiolic acid; Ethyl Acetate; &alpha;-D-Glucopyranoside, O-&alpha;-D-glucopyranosyl-(1.fwdarw.3)-&beta;-D-fructofuranosyl; N,N,O-Triacetylhydroxylamine and 2,4-Dihydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furan-3-one. شپشه آرد, سمیت تماسی, غلظت, GC/Mass Tribolium castaneum, contact toxicity, concentration, GC/Mass 67 77 http://journalofbiosafety.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-199-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Maryam Pahlavan Yali مریم پهلوان یلی mrmpahlavan@gmail.com 1003194753284600990 1003194753284600990 Yes Department of Plant Protection, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran گروه گیاه پزشکی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران Mohsen Mohammadi Anaii محسن محمدی انایی m89274041@gmail.com 1003194753284600991 1003194753284600991 No Department of Plant Protection, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran گروه گیاه پزشکی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران