fa پذیرش پنبه‌ی مقاوم به آفت (Bt): چالش‌ها و تهدیدها تخصصي Special كاربردي Applicable <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پنبه (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">(<em>Gossypium hirsutum</em></span></span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> یک</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گیاه مهم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">الیافی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">محسوب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">می‌&shy;شود</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ایران</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">سطحی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">معادل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">150</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">الی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">200 هزار هکتار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کشت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">می‌&shy;شود. خسارت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ناشی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از آفات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ایران</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بیش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">30</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">درصد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">برآورد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">است. بطور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">سنتی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">طول</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">فصل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">رشد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">برای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کنترل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آفات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">10</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">12 بار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">سمپاشی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">استفاده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">حشره</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کش‌&shy;های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شیمیایی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اثر سوء</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">محیط</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">زیست</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دارند (مثل اندوسولفان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">یا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">متاسیستوکس)</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">انجام</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">می&shy;‌شود</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> .</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به منظور کاهش مصرف سموم</span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">،</span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> فن&shy;آوری </span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پنبه&shy; </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Bt</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> تولید شد که یک فناوری جدید در کشورهای توسعه یافته است و دارای مزایایی از جمله کاهش کاربرد آفت‌کش، کنترل بهتر حشرات و آفات و عملکرد بهتر الیاف است.</span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> اگر چه اولین فاکتور کنترل در دسترس بودن بذر تراریخته است، اما نیاز سریعی برای تولید رقمهای جدید </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Bt</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> و همچنین ایجاد آگاهی در مورد این محصول در بین کشاورزان احساس می شود.</span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> امروزه بدلیل مزایای قابل توجه پنبه&shy; ی </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Bt</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> پذیرش آن به طور چشمگیری افزایش یافته است. </span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">هدف</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مقاله</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بررسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">جنبه&shy;‌های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">علمی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ارزیابی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">احتمال</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">خطر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کشت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پنبه‌&shy;ی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تراریخته</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Bt </span></span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;می&shy;باشد.</span></span></div> <strong>Abstract</strong> <div style="text-align: justify;">Cotton <em>(Gossypium hirsutum)</em> is considered an important plant fibers and was cultivated 150-200000 ha in Iran. Damage of pests has been estimated more than 30 percent in Iran<span dir="RTL">.</span> Chemical insecticide like Endosulfan or Metasystox that has adverse effects on the environment are traditionally sprayed 10 to 12 times on cotton during the growing season. In order to reduce the use of pesticide, Bt cotton technology was introduced by developed countries. This method has many advantages, including minimized use of pesticides, better control of insects and pests and more efficient fibers. Although the availability of transgenic seeds is the first controlling factor, but there is urgent need for to produce modern Bt cultivars and also create and improve awareness among farmers about this product. Nowadays there is an increasing trend to use of Bt cotton Due to its significant benefits. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the scientific aspects of risk assessment of transgenic Bt cotton cultivation.</div> &nbsp;<br> &nbsp; پنبه‌ی Bt, مدیریت, Gossypium hirsutum, آفات و حشرات, عملکرد الیاف, تراریخته Bt cotton, management, Gossypium hirsutum, pests and insects, risk assessment 57 63 http://journalofbiosafety.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-209-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Masoumeh Fallah ziarani معصومه فلاح زیارانی masoumeh_fallah@yahoo.com 10031947532846002684 10031947532846002684 No Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and New Technologies, Shahid Behesgti University, Teharn گروه بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده علوم و زیست فنآوری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران Masoud Tohidfar مسعود توحیدفر gtohidfar@yahoo.com 10031947532846002685 10031947532846002685 Yes Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and New Technologies, Shahid Behesgti University, Teharn گروه بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده علوم و زیست فنآوری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران