Journal of Biosafety
فصلنامه علمي ايمني زيستي
Journal of Biosafety
Basic Sciences
http://journalofbiosafety.ir
1
admin
2717-0632
2716-9804
4
4
fa
jalali
1395
12
1
gregorian
2017
3
1
9
4
online
1
fulltext
fa
بررسی ترکیبات شیمیایی میوه زیتون تلخ و اثر حشره کشی پودر و عصاره آن روی (Col. Tenebrionidae) Herbst Tribolium castaneum
Studying chemical compounds of Melia azedarach L. fruit and the insecticidal effect of extract & powder’s on Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Col. Tenebrionidae)
تخصصي
Special
پژوهشي
Research
<span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در این پژوهش، ترکیب­های شیمیایی میوه زیتون تلخ و قابلیت حشره­ کشی عصاره و پودر آن روی حشره کامل شپشه آرد مطالعه و </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آزمایش</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">­های</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">زیست سنجی به</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">­</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">روش تماسی به­ صورت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">طرح</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کامل</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تصادفی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در دمای 5</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:cambria,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">±</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">25</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">درجه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">سلسیوس و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">رطوبت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نسبی </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">5</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:cambria,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">±</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">65 درصد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">انجام شد. درصد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مرگ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">میر حشره کامل آفت، با کاربرد عصاره </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">میوه زیتون تلخ </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در سه غلظت و در سه زمان و پودر میوه زیتون تلخ، در چهار دوز، پس از گذشت چهار زمان محاسبه شد</span></span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">.</span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> اختلاف معنیداری در درصد کشندگی</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">عصاره و پودر، روی آفت </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در غلظت­های مختلف </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پس از هریک از زمان­های مورد مطالعه مشاهده شد. بر اساس نتایج، </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مرگ</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و میر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">با</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> افزایش غلظت و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گذشت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">زمان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">افزایش</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">یافت. کمترین و بیشترین میزان تلفات، با کاربرد عصاره میوه زیتون تلخ به ­ترتیب در غلظت </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">10 و </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">80 میکروگرم بر میلی ­لیتر </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پس از 12 و </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">36 </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ساعت (50/2</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:cambria,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">±</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">5/17درصد و </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">89/11</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:cambria,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">±</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">75/81</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">درصد) </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بود. همچنین بالاترین و پایین­ ترین میزان تلفات به هنگام کاربرد پودر</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> میوه</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> زیتون تلخ، به ­ترتیب در </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دوز 3 </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و 6 </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گرم</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> پس از 24 و 96 ساعت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">(</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">36/2 </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:cambria,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">±</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">33/3</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">درصد</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> و 89/5</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:cambria,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">±</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">00/92</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">درصد</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">) به­دست آمد.</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> بعلاوه 52 ترکیب شیمیایی تشکیل­ دهنده میوه زیتون تلخ، با استفاده از دستگاه </span></span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">GC/Mass</span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> شناسایی و شش پیک در آن مشاهده شد. </span></span></span>
In this study, chemical compounds of <em>Melia azedarach </em>L. fruit and the insecticidal effect of extract & powders was investigated on adult insects of <em>Tribolium castaneum</em> Herbst (Col. Tenebrionidae). Bioassays experiment with contact method was performed in a completely randomized design in laboratory conditions (temperature 25± 5 °C and relative humidity 65 ± 5%). Mortality percentage of <em>T</em>. <em>castaneum</em> by <em>Melia</em> fruit extract calculated at three concentrations (10, 50 and 80 mg/ml) after 12, 24 & 36 hours and also by <em>Melia</em> fruit powder at four different dosage (3, 4, 5 and 6 gr) after 24, 48, 72 & 96 hours respectively. Significant differences were observed on mortality percentage of <em>T</em>. <em>castaneum</em> by <em>Melia</em> fruit extract and powder on different concentrations after each of the times. Based on the results, mortality increased with the passage of time. The lowest and highest mortality of <em>T</em>. <em>castaneum</em> was in use of <em>M. azedarach </em>fruit extract in 10 and 80 mg/ml concentrations after 12 & 36 hours (17.50± 2.50 % & 81.75 ± 11.89%) respectively. Also the highest and lowest mortality rate of adult insects was obtained when used <em>Melia</em> fruit powder at a dose of 3 and 6 grams after 24 & 96 hours (3.33 ± 2.36% & 92.00± 5.89%) respectively. In this study, 52 chemical compounds of the <em>Melia</em> fruit were identified by GC/Mass. The major material contains: Ethane, 1,1-diethoxy-; Methanecarbothiolic acid; Ethyl Acetate; α-D-Glucopyranoside, O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1.fwdarw.3)-β-D-fructofuranosyl; N,N,O-Triacetylhydroxylamine and 2,4-Dihydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furan-3-one.
شپشه آرد, سمیت تماسی, غلظت, GC/Mass
Tribolium castaneum, contact toxicity, concentration, GC/Mass
67
77
http://journalofbiosafety.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-199-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Maryam
Pahlavan Yali
مریم
پهلوان یلی
mrmpahlavan@gmail.com
1003194753284600990
1003194753284600990
Yes
Department of Plant Protection, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
گروه گیاه پزشکی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران
Mohsen
Mohammadi Anaii
محسن
محمدی انایی
m89274041@gmail.com
1003194753284600991
1003194753284600991
No
Department of Plant Protection, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
گروه گیاه پزشکی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران