fa مروری اجمالی بر روش‌های مختلف همزمان‌سازی فحلی و تحریک تخمک‌ریزی در نشخوارکنندگان تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تولیدمثل در نشخوارکنندگان تحت تاثیر چندین فاکتور نظیر ژنتیک و پتانسیل ژنتیکی، مرحله و نوع تغذیه، عوامل محیطی، طول روز، سلامت دام و غیره است. </span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">استفاده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">برنامه&shy;های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">هم&shy;زمان&shy;</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">سازی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">فحلی یا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تخمک</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گذاری،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">باعث</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">افزایش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تعداد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دام&shy;های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">فحل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در یک</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دوره</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کوتاه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">زمانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">می</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">&shy;</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شود</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">.</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">روش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">رایج</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">یعنی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مشاهده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">فحلی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تلقیح، درصد باروری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">50</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">درصد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">است</span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">.</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">صورتی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">عمل همزمان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">سازی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">روش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">جدید، درصد باروری به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">32</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">درصد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کاهش می‌یابد</span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">.</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">همه، در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">روش جدید</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تعداد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آبستنی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گله</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">سال</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">افزایش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">می</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">&shy;</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">یابد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> .</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">برای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بیشتر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بالا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بردن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">درصد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آبستنی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گله</span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">، </span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از روش</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">&shy;</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مختلف</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">یا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تغییر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">روش</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">&shy;</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">استفاده می</span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">&shy;</span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شود. همزمان</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">&shy;</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">سازی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">فحلی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مدیر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مزرعه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">امکان</span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> می</span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">‌</span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دهد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">رسیدگی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تلقیح</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دام&shy;ها</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">را</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">صورت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">یک برنامه&shy;ی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کاری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">متناسب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دیگر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">فعالیت&shy;های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مورد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نیاز برنامه</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">&shy;</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ریزی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نماید</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">وقت</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">&shy;</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گیر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تشخیص</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">فحلی کاهش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">یافته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">می</span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">&shy;</span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">توان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">فصل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تولید</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مثل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">را</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کوتاه نمود</span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">.</span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> فواید</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">یک</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">سیستم همزمانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تلقیح</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مصنوعی</span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">، </span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شرایطی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">میزان تشخیص</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">فحلی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">میزان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آبستنی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پایین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">باشد،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">افزایش می&shy;یابد. </span></span><span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">همزمان&shy;سازی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">فحلی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">یک</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">برنامه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">موثر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">قابل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">استفاده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">درگله&shy;های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گاو</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شیری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">سرتاسر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">جهان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">است و درصد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بالایی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دام&shy;های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مورد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نظر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">محدوده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">زمانی تعیین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">فحلی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">را</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نشان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">داده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تلقیح</span></span> <span style="font-family:b lotus;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">می‌شوند. </span></span> <div style="text-align: justify;">In order to promote reproductive management in ruminants, all the new advances and existing facilities should be used and, by knowing the effective factors in reproduction and using appropriate methods, would increase the economic profit in this industry. Reproduction in ruminants is influenced by several factors such as genetic and genetic potential, stage and type of nutrition, environmental factors, day length, livestock health, and so on. he uses of ovulation or Synchronization of estrus coexistence programs increases the number of cows in a short period of time. In the current method, ie observation of estrus and noculation, the fertility rate is 50%, In the case of synchronization, the new method reduces the fertility rate to 32%, but in the new method, However, in the new method, the total number of pregnancies in the new method increases annually. To increase the total percentage of pregnancy of the herd, different methods or changes in methods are used. Synchronization of estrus allows the farm manager to plan and inseminate livestock as a work plan appropriate to other activities required, and the time-consuming work of eruptive diagnosis is reduced and the breeding season can be shortened. The benefits of an artificial insemination synthetic system increase in conditions where the degree of perineal diagnosis and the rate of pregnancy are low. Euthanasia synchronization is an effective program for dairy cattle throughout the world, so that a high percentage of livestock in the specified period of time is indicated by estrus and based on the emergence or absence of estrus symptoms Are inoculated. Therefore, in this article, the methods of ovulation induction and estrus synchronization are discussed.</div> همزمان سازی فحلی, نشخوارکنندگان, تولید مثل estrous synchronization, ruminants, reproduction. 31 46 http://journalofbiosafety.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-226-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 masood didarkhah مسعود دیدارخواه : Masooddidarkhah@birjand.ac.ir 10031947532846002615 10031947532846002615 Yes Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, birjand university, Iran استادیار دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، ایران.