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A Comparative Analysis of Policy Approaches toward Genetically Modified Organisms in Russia, Brazil, Germany, and Japan
(Regulatory Frameworks, Levels of GMO Adoption, and Implementation Policies)
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Nadia Babaei *   , Fatemeh Nikoochoubdar |
| Depatment of Environment |
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Abstract: (21 Views) |
In recent decades, the rapid development of biotechnology, particularly genetically modified organisms (GMOs), has become one of the most significant and controversial issues in agricultural policy, public health, and environmental governance. The increasing integration of GMOs into global food systems has confronted governments with complex challenges related to regulatory frameworks, safety assessment, public acceptance, and trade requirements. Differences in national priorities, institutional capacities, and cultural approaches have consequently led to diverse policy models toward GMOs.This review adopts a comparative approach to examine the regulatory and policy frameworks governing GMOs in four countries: Russia, Brazil, Germany, and Japan. The analysis focuses on five key dimensions, including legal and institutional frameworks, regulatory and enforcement mechanisms, risk assessment systems, labeling requirements, and levels of public acceptance. The findings indicate that Brazil has adopted a development-oriented approach, facilitating the expansion of GMO production and trade. In contrast, Germany and Japan have implemented more precautionary policies emphasizing transparency, rigorous scientific assessment, and public concerns. Russia, on the other hand, has pursued a restrictive and prohibition-oriented policy toward the production and importation of GMOs. Overall, the results highlight the importance of designing balanced, evidence-based, and context-specific policy frameworks for effective biosafety governance
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| Keywords: Food Labeling, Sustainable Development, Biosafety Governance, Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) |
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Full-Text [PDF 569 kb]
(16 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/08/9 | Accepted: 2026/01/18
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