The aim of this article is to identify and explain bioeconomics, which explores the links between biology and economics, as a relatively new field of economics and political economy. This article also distinguishes between bioeconomics and bioeconomy by providing definitions of these two concepts and explaining the rational underlying each. This research is theoretical in nature and is based on an extensive review of the scientific literature on the relationship between biology and the social sciences, including the theories of major scholars in economic thought. Phenomena such as evolution, cooperation, competition for scarce resources, selection, division of labor, signalling, territoriality and migration are common to both economy of nature and the human economy. Contemporary bioeconomists argue that economics and biology can mutually enrich each other. The ways in whichbiology can learn from economics and economics can incorporate insights from biology are emphasized and discussed. In addition, interdisciplinary research trends in economics and the disciplines most strongly integrated with bioeconomics were examined. For this purpose, approximately 9,255 articles published in 20 economics journals that ranked highly in overall rankings between 2014 and 2023 were reviewed. The results showed that research related to knowledge, innovation, the environment, and biosafety has exhibited an increasing trend over the past decade.